Brassinosteroids
From Purdue Genomics Database Facility
Tomomichi Fujita (tfujita@sci.hokudai.ac.jp), Saori Miyazaki, Koji Mikami, Yuji Hiwatashi, Takeshi Maruyama, Naomi Sumikawa, Tomoaki Nishiyama (tomakin@kenroku.kanazawa-u.ac.jp)
Contents |
Biosynthesis
Brassinosteroids BRs have been identified in various land plants and green algae(Choe, 2004). BR biosynthesis proceeds via multiple branched pathways in angiosperms(Choe, 2004). S. moellendorffii and P. patens had putative orthologues of SMT1, FK, HYD1, and DWF5 in a sterol-specific pathway and those of DET2, CPD, and DWF4 in a BR-specific pathway. The putative orthologues of CPD and DWF4 were extensively expanded in the angiosperm lineage.
Response (perception and signaling)
Despite the presence of endogenous BRs, BR responses have not been reported in non-seed plants (Pullman et al., 2003). A putative orthologue of BRI1, a major BR receptor gene of A. thaliana, was found in O. sativa but not in S. moellendorffii or P. patens, although other receptor kinases with close relationships to BRI1 may function as a BR receptor in those plants. S. moellendorffii and P. patens also had putative orthologues of the A. thaliana BR signalling genes BAK1, BIN2, BIN2-related (AT1G06390 and AT2G30980), BES1, BIM1, BIM2, and TRIP1.
References
Choe, S. (2004). Brassinosteroid biosynthesis and metabolism. In Plant Hormones: Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, P.J. Davies, ed (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers), pp. 156-178.
Pullman, G.S., Zhang, Y., and Phan, B.H. (2003). Brassinolide improves embryogenic tissue initiation in conifers and rice. Plant Cell Rep. 22, 96-104.
Table of gene numbers
| Gene functions | Gene | Gene used as a query | The number of putative orthologs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Oryza sativa | Selaginalla moellendorffii | Physcomitrella patens | |||
| Brassinosteroid biosynthesis | SMT1 | SMT1 | 1 | 3 | 1 (2) | 1 |
| Brassinosteroid biosynthesis | FK | FK | 1 | 1 | 1 (2) | 1 |
| Brassinosteroid biosynthesis | HYD1 | HYD1 | 1 | 1 | 2 (4) | 1 |
| Brassinosteroid biosynthesis | DWF5 | DWF5 | 1 | 1 | 1 (2) | 2 |
| Brassinosteroid biosynthesis | DET2 | DET2 | 1 | 2 | 2 (4) | 1 |
| Brassinosteroid biosynthesis | CPD, DWF4, ROT3, and BR6ox1 and 2 | CPD | 19 | 16 | 4 (8) | 3 |
| Brassinosteroid signalling | BRI1 and BRL1 | BRI1 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Brassinosteroid signalling | BAK1, SERK1, 2, and 9 | SERK2 | 5 | 3 | 2 (2) | 3 |
| Brassinosteroid signalling | BIN2, AT1G06390, and AT2G30980 | AT1G06390 | 10 | 9 | 2 (4) | 6 |
| Brassinosteroid signalling | BSU1 | BSU1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Brassinosteroid signalling | BIM1 to 3 | BIM1 | 3 | 3 | 1 (2) | 3 |
| Brassinosteroid signalling | BES1 | BES1 | 6 | 4 | 5 (9) | 6 |
| Brassinosteroid signalling | TRIP1 | TRIP1 | 2 | 2 | 1 (2) | 3 |
Table of gene models in the assembly
| protein id | gene name | named by |
| 449613 | SMT1-1 | |
| 449609 | SMT1-2 | |
| 449634 | SMT2-1 | |
| 152839 | SMT2-2 | |
| 173430 | gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase-1 | |
| 175008 | gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase-2 | |
| 449602 | FK-1 | |
| 449548 | FK-2 | |
| 449563 | HYD1A-1 | |
| 449599 | HYD1A-2 | |
| 449597 | HYD1B-1 | |
| 449598 | HYD1B-2 | |
| 185064 | DWF5-1 | |
| 135440 | DWF5-2 | |
| 132835 | DET2A-1 | |
| 133944 | DET2A-2 | |
| 233670 | DET2B-1 | |
| 116608 | DET2B-2 | |
| 89147 | CPD-1 | |
| 104575 | CPD-2 | |
| 157387 | ROT3A-1 | |
| 182839 | ROT3A-2 | |
| 151754 | ROT3B-1 | |
| 186571 | ROT3B-2 | |
| 85471 | SERK2a-1 | |
| 268158 | SERK2a-2 | Saori Miyazaki |
| 444590 | SERK2b-1 | |
| 443356 | SERK2b-2 | Saori Miyazaki |
| 159063 | GSK1-1 | Michael Gribskov |
| 163279 | GSK1-2 | |
| 451471 | GSK2-1 | |
| 186226 | GSK2-2 | |
| 437216 | BEH1-1 | |
| 451483 | BEH1-2 | |
| 407084 | BEH2-1 | |
| 409126 | BEH2-2 | |
| 429765 | BEH3-1 | |
| 431884 | BEH3-2 | |
| 418727 | BEH4-1 | |
| 429829 | BEH4-2 | |
| 414095 | BEH5-1 | |
| 415870 | BEH5-2 | |
| 451477 | BIM-1 | |
| 451475 | BIM-2 | |
| 269383 | TRIP1-1 | |
| 236283 | TRIP1-2 |
