Pollen
From Purdue Genomics Database Facility
N. Aono, S. Miyazaki, T. Nishiyama, M. Hasebe
(saori@nibb.ac.jp, tomoakin@kenroku.kanazawa-u.ac.jp, mhasebe@nibb.ac.jp)
Interactions between the sporophytic non-reproductive cells, tapetum cells, and the sporogenous cells are necessary for both pollen and spore development. Both S. moellendorffii and P. patens had putative orthologues of five A. thaliana genes involved in these interactions (Ma, 2005); SERK1 and SERK2, EMS1/EXS, SPL/NZZ, and TPD1.
Meiosis is essential for eukaryotic sexual reproduction. Seven meiosis-related genes in A. thaliana (Caryl et al., 2003), including MEI1, ASK1, ASK2, ATK1, SYN1, MRE11, and ATRAD50, were well conserved in all of the land plant lineages.
Each microspore undergoes two mitotic divisions to form a vegetative cell and two sperm cells. Putative orthologues of MOR1 and DUO1, which are required to complete these mitotic divisions, were found in all land plants.
Pollen wall deposition begins soon after meiosis in A. thaliana. Defects in the pollen wall reduce pollen viability and fertility. We found putative orthologues of five genes involved in pollen wall deposition in S. moellendorffii and P. patens, including CER1, DEX1, YRE/FLP1/WAX2, MS2, and NEF1.
Pollen germinates and elongates a pollen tube after fertilization in angiosperms. Putative orthologues of ACA9, KIP, NPG1, POK, SEC8, SETH1, and SETH2, all of which are necessary for proper pollen tube germination and elongation, were identified in S. moellendorffii and P. patens.
References
Caryl, A.P., Jones, G.H., and Franklin, F.C. (2003). Dissecting plant meiosis using Arabidopsis thaliana mutants. J. Exp. Bot. 54, 25-38.
Ma, H. (2005). Molecular genetic analyses of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis in flowering plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 56, 393-434.
Table of gene numbers
| Gene functions | Gene | Gene used as a query | The number of putative orthologs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Oryza sativa | Selaginalla moellendorffii (a) | Physcomitrella patens | |||
| pollen | AGL30, AGL65, AGL66, AGL94, and AGL104 | MIKC*-type MADS-box genes 5) | 6 | 3 | 3 (6) | 11 |
| Pollen | EMS1/EXS | EMS1 | 1 | 2 | 2 (2) | 6 |
| Pollen | SPL/NZZ | SPL | 1 | 1 | 2 (4) | 3 |
| Pollen | TPD1 3) | TPD1 | 4 | 14 | 5 (9) | 9 |
| Pollen | GPAT1 2) | GPAT1 | 8 | 15 | 10 (20) | 7 |
| Pollen | MEI1 | MEI1 | 1 | 1 | 1 (2) | 1 |
| Pollen | CDC45 | CDC45 | 1 | 2 | 1 (2) | 1 |
| Pollen | ATK1 | ATK1 | 4 | 3 | 2 (4) | 2 |
| Pollen | TES/STD | TES | 2 | 1 | 1 (2) | 3 |
| Pollen | MRE11 | MRE11 | 1 | 1 | 1 (2) | 1 |
| Pollen | ATRAD50 | ATRAD50 | 1 | 1 | 1 (2) | 1 |
| Pollen | MMD1/DUET 7) | MMD1 | 4 | 2 | 1 (2) | 2 |
| Pollen | MS5 3) | MS5 | 5 | 4 | 2 (4) | 7 |
| Pollen | SYN1 | SYN1 | 1 | 1 | 1 (2) | 1 |
| Pollen | NEF1 | NEF1 | 1 | 1 | 1 (2) | 1 |
| Pollen | AMS | AMS | 1 | 1 | 1 (2) | 2 |
| Pollen | YRE/FLP1/WAX2 | CER1 | 1 | 3 | 3 (6) | 2 |
| Pollen | DEX1 | DEX1 | 1 | 1 | 2 (4) | 1 |
| Pollen | MS2 | MS2 | 2 | 1 | 2 (4) | 2 |
| Pollen | ADL1C | ADL1C | 3 | 3 | 3 (6) | 5 |
| Pollen | DUO1 | DUO1 | 1 | 1 | 2 (4) | 2 |
| Pollen | BCP1 | BCP1 6) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pollen | CER1 | CER1 | 3 | 5 | 1 (2) | 2 |
| Pollen | MYB4 and 32 | MYB4 | 6 | 6 | 2 (4) | 0 |
| Pollen | QRT3 | QRT3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Pollen | AT2G19620 | AT2G19620 | 3 | 4 | 1 (2) | 7 |
| Pollen | AT5G56200 2) | AT5G56200 | 9 | 8 | 2 (3) | 4 |
| Pollen | SEC8 | SEC8 | 1 | 1 | 1 (2) | 3 |
| Pollen | POK | POK | 2 | 1 | 1 (2) | 1 |
| Pollen | NPG1 2) | NPG1 | 3 | 3 | 2 (4) | 2 |
| Pollen | ACA9 7) | ACA9 | 6 | 4 | 2 (4) | 3 |
| Pollen | ATAPY2 | ATAPY2 | 2 | 8 | 1 (2) | 3 |
| Pollen | KIP | KIP | 2 | 1 | 1 (2) | 1 |
| Pollen | GCS1 | GCS1 | 1 | 2 | 1 (2) | 1 |
footnote: The number of putative orthologs here refers to number of genes that is included in a clade that corresponds to all genes derived from a single gene in the last common ancestor of P. patens, S. moellendrffii, A. thaliana, and O. sativa based on phylogenetic analyses. The alignments and trees are available through http://moss.nibb.ac.jp/treedb/ (a) number of putative loci at first and number of putative alleles detected in parentheses. That is, 1 (2), indicates we found two sequences that likely represent two alleles of one locus. See Methods for brief methods.
Table of gene models in the assembly
| protein id | gene name | named by | other model | name | by |
| EMS1a-1 | Saori Miyazaki | ||||
| 60277 | EMS1a-2 | ||||
| 99902 | EMS1b-1 | ||||
| 103725 | EMS1b-2 | Saori Miyazaki | |||
| 438336 | SPL1-1 | ||||
| 444448 | SPL1-2 | ||||
| 113463 | TPD1A-1 | ||||
| 129580 | TPD1A-2 | ||||
| 92327 | TPD1B1-1 | ||||
| 92521 | TPD1B2-1 | ||||
| 114201 | TPD1B1-2 | ||||
| 114397 | TPD1B2-2 | ||||
| 451574 | TPD1C1-1 | ||||
| 451575 | TPD1C1-2 | ||||
| 451573 | TPD1C2-1 | ||||
| 451576 | TPD1C2-2 | ||||
| 170163 | GPAT1-1 | ||||
| 184962 | GPAT1-2 | ||||
| 170164 | GPAT2-1 | ||||
| 269600 | GPAT2-2 | ||||
| 80614 | GPAT3-1 | ||||
| 102257 | GPAT3-2 | ||||
| 405228 | GPAT4-1 | ||||
| 415055 | GPAT4-2 | ||||
| 118155 | GPAT5-1 | ||||
| 235331 | GPAT5-2 | ||||
| 405007 | GPAT6-1 | ||||
| 414847 | GPAT6-2 | ||||
| 63752 | GPAT7-1 | ||||
| 130920 | GPAT7-2 | ||||
| 107343 | GPAT8-1 | ||||
| 110944 | GPAT8-2 | ||||
| 90219 | GPAT9-1 | ||||
| 130719 | GPAT9-2 | ||||
| 80075 | GPAT10-1 | ||||
| 102271 | GPAT10-2 | ||||
| 451419 | MEI1-1 | ||||
| 446235 | MEI1-2 | ||||
| 425073 | CDC45-1 | ||||
| 235830 | CDC45-2 | ||||
| 78149 | ATK1A-1 | ||||
| 78306 | ATK1A-2 | ||||
| 84710 | ATK1B-1 | ||||
| 95452 | ATK1B-2 | ||||
| 91165 | ZWI-1 | ||||
| 187058 | ZWI-2 | ||||
| 126650 | TES-1 | ||||
| 135047 | TES-2 | ||||
| 451577 | MRE11-1 | ||||
| 451578 | MRE11-2 | ||||
| 405818 | RAD50-1 | ||||
| 136622 | RAD50-2 | ||||
| 31177 | MMD1-1 | ||||
| 31178 | MMD1-2 | ||||
| 451579 | MS5A-1 | ||||
| 451580 | MS5A-2 | ||||
| 405259 | MS5B-1 | ||||
| MS5B-2 | |||||
| 451421 | SYN1-1 | ||||
| 415062 | SYN1-2 | ||||
| 92814 | NEF1-1 | ||||
| 121635 | NEF1-2 | ||||
| 451590 | AMS-1 | ||||
| 430203 | AMS-2 | ||||
| 99824 | WAX2A-1 | ||||
| 103982 | WAX2A-2 | ||||
| 164680 | WAX2B-1 | ||||
| 185167 | WAX2B-2 | ||||
| 437448 | WAX2C-1 | ||||
| 408343 | WAX2C-2 | ||||
| 230422 | CER1-1 | ||||
| 129942 | CER1-2 | ||||
| 50757 | DEX1A-1 | ||||
| 50714 | DEX1A-2 | ||||
| 451591 | DEX1B | ||||
| 270198 | MS2A-1 | ||||
| 270623 | MS2A-2 | ||||
| 80322 | MS2B-1 | ||||
| 101717 | MS2B-2 | ||||
| 183216 | DL1A-1 | ||||
| 162617 | DL1A-2 | ||||
| 90013 | DL1B-1 | ||||
| 232702 | DL1B-2 | ||||
| 266589 | DL1C-1 | ||||
| 451592 | DL1C-2 | ||||
| 105848 | SEC8-1 | ||||
| 113161 | SEC8-2 | ||||
| 446594 | POK-1 | ||||
| 128449 | POK-2 | ||||
| 116971 | DUO1A-1 | ||||
| 118852 | DUO1A-2 | ||||
| 80215 | DUO1B-1 | ||||
| 39442 | DUO1B-2 | ||||
| 109587 | MYB4A-1 | 450007 | MYBX1 | Tomas Matus | |
| 120788 | MYB4A-2 | ||||
| 39516 | MYB4B-1 | ||||
| 39507 | MYB4B-2 | ||||
| 39481 | MYB4C-1 | ||||
| 39454 | MYB4C-2 | ||||
| 439372 | SF21-1 | ||||
| 440255 | SF21-2 | ||||
| 450838 | ZPT3A-1 | Erik Vollbrecht | |||
| 450836 | ZPT3A-2 | Erik Vollbrecht | |||
| 451596 | ZPT3B-1 | ||||
| 451593 | ZPT3B-2 | ||||
| 451600 | ACA9A-1 | ||||
| 451372 | ACA9A-2 | ||||
| 118764 | ACA9B-1 | ||||
| 451597 | ACA9B-2 | ||||
| 233281 | APY-1 | ||||
| 183978 | APY-2 | ||||
| 146641 | KIP-1 | ||||
| 178845 | KIP-2 | ||||
| 451370 | GCS1-1 | ||||
| 451371 | GCS1-2 |
