From Purdue Genomics Database Facility

Curator:GRI_ Gribskov 16:14, 10 December 2007 (EST)

Protein phosphorylation is key to cellular regulation. It acts as a reversible molecular switch, activating or inactivating specific proteins. The on/off state of the switch is governed by protein kinases and protein phosphatases. In plants, protein phosphorylation has been implicated in the control of many distinct responses, including control of the cell cycle, transcriptional and translational regulation, control of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, regulation of growth and development, and responses to abiotic and biotic environmental signals. The presence of protein kinases in all eukaryotic kingdoms indicates a single evolutionary origin for the group that predates the divergence of plants, animals, and fungi.

The breadth of cellular processes regulated by protein kinases is reflected in the large number of protein kinases in plant genomes. While it is clear that protein kinases play key roles in cellular response and regulation, very few, probably less than 100, have been investigated in the laboratory. Until more detailed laboratory investigations can be undertaken, inferences of the function of many protein kinases must therefore be based on the similarity of the protein sequences. In addition, many protein kinases appear to be functionally redundant such that inactivation of a single gene produces little or no obvious phenotypic difference. Our goal is to produce a complete sequence based classification that can be used both to infer the function of putative protein kinases, as well as to infer which kinases (those most similar in sequence) are likely to be functionally redundant.

Major Plant Protein Kinase Classes

The first term is being used in naming genes in manual annotation]

• AGC
• CK1 - Casein Kinase 1
• CAMK
  • CPK - Calcium dependent protein kinases
  • CRK - CPK Related protein kinases
  • PPCK - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase
  • SNRK1 - SNF related kinase, type 1
  • SNKR2 - SNF related kinase, type 2
  • SNRK3 - SNF related kinase, type 3
• CMGC
  • CK2 - Casein Kinase 2
  • CDK - Cyclin dependent kinase
  • CLK - CDK-like kinase
  • MAPK - Mitogen Activated protein kinase
  • DAPK - Death-associated protein kinase
  • DYRK - dual-specificity YAK-1-related kinase
• CTR1/EDR1 related kinases
• Raf/TKL
• Receptors
  • LeRK - Lectin domain receptor kinase
  • LRR - Leucine Rich Repeat Kinases
  • PERK - Proline/Extensin related kinase
  • SRLK - S-Locus Receptopr kinases
  • WAK - Wall Associated Kinases
• STE
  • MAP2K - MAPK kinase (STE7 like)
  • MAP3K - MAPK kinase kinase (STE11 like)
  • MAP4K - MAPK kinase kinase kinase (STE20 like)

Selaginella Candidate Genes

Our candidate gene list, based on filtered_models_2 includes 1147 proteins. Using the JGI estimate that approximately 2/3 of genes have two alleles and 12/3 have only one, in the assembly, this represents about 765 protein kinases in selaginella.

see Full list

Curated genes

Updated 4.3.2008